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ADHD Medications Stimulants are often the first medical doctors attempt to control symptoms. They increase the levels of two chemical messengers called dopamine and norepinephrine within the brain. The most commonly used stimulants are the methylphenidate (branded Ritalin and Concerta) and Lisdexamfetamine (brand name Vyvanse). They reduce appetite and can cause weight loss in children. They also increase blood pressure and heart rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate also referred to Ritalin is the most common stimulant medication used to treat ADHD in both adults and children. It works by altering quantities of certain natural substances within the brain. It is available in a liquid form, chewable tablet or capsule. The long-acting tablets as well as the oral disintegrating tablets provide some medicine instantly, whereas capsules deliver a steady dose of medication over time. It is advised not to consume alcohol while taking these medicines. Medications like methylphenidate stimulate areas of the brain that are not active within ADHD patients, such as those involved with concentration. They boost concentration and make things easier such as listening, following instructions, and paying attention. These medications also reduce physical aggression and other types of antisocial behavior. Studies on methylphenidate's effects on the brain demonstrated that it raises the levels of noradrenaline and dopamine in the accumbens' nucleus and the prefrontal cortex. It does not however connect to the serotonin transporter and therefore does not affect serotonin levels. most effective adhd medication for adults is believed that this mechanism is the reason methylphenidate can help reduce symptoms of ADHD. Methylphenidate must be taken as part of a comprehensive treatment program for ADHD that includes counseling and special education. It can cause unwanted effects such as headaches and stomachaches. It is not recommended for pregnant women. However, if the benefits of the medication outweigh the risks, it may be given during pregnancy. Your doctor will give you advice. Methylphenidate is a Schedule II drug, which means it has a very high possibility of addiction and abuse. It is also a central nervous system stimulant and can cause an increase in blood pressure and heart rate in certain people. These effects could be harmful when you suffer from an illness that affects how your body processes blood pressure and heart rate-lowering medications, such as the fatty liver disease known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or an history of a heart attack. Some people may have allergic reactions to methylphenidate. Inform your doctor that you suffer from allergies. He or she may be in a position to prescribe a new medication that doesn't cause these reactions. Amphetamines Amphetamines are a kind of psychostimulant used to treat ADHD. They work by increasing levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which improve cognitive functioning and motivate behaviors. They also aid in treating narcolepsy which is a disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness. Amphetamines are widely available and can be purchased over-the counter, or by prescription from a physician. Children who don't respond to methylphenidate – the first option for treating ADHD in America – are sometimes prescribed amphetamines. Researchers looked at seven randomized controlled studies of amphetamines for children and adolescents who have ADHD (dextroamphetamine [Vyvanse], lisdexamfetamine, or mixed amphetamines salts). The results showed that amphetamines can be superior to placebo in reducing the severity of core ADHD symptoms. However, most of the studies showed a high risk of bias. It is hard to tell whether the differences between amphetamines found in the studies are real. Different doses of the drug were investigated, but no difference was observed between immediate-release and sustained-release formulations. The authors also looked into the effects of varying how long the drug was taken daily, but again no differences were observed. The authors also examined whether the combination of d-amphetamine and lamphetamine which is the main ingredient of Adderall is more effective than just damphetamine. They found that the combination was slightly more effective than d-amphetamine but not by much. The authors concluded that the comparatively short duration of the study as well as restrictive inclusion criteria limit their external validity. It would be helpful to conduct longitudinal RCTs that have longer follow-up periods and use objective outcomes that are not influenced by blinding failure. Future RCTs could also employ multiple comparator drugs to improve the efficacy of their findings. Current guidelines recommend lisdexamfetamine and methylphenidate for people with ADHD. If the trial of six weeks of these medications does not provide enough benefits, doctors can switch to dexamfetamine standard which is more quickly broken down into damphetamine, and requires more frequent use. Atomoxetine is a different alternative if dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine doesn't provide enough benefit for the patient. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant medications ease ADHD symptoms for 70% to 80percent of children and adults taking them. These drugs cut down on hyperactivity, interruptions fidgeting, fidgeting, and other disruptive behaviors, enhancing focus, academic performance and social skills. Your child's physician may recommend them as a first-line treatment, or they may be used in conjunction with other treatments such as behavioural therapy. The medication comes in pills, liquids or patches that are sprayed on the skin. When your child starts taking these medicines, your healthcare provider will monitor the body's reactions to determine the appropriate dosage. They will also monitor for any side effects. Long-acting stimulants relieve symptoms throughout the day without the need for repeat dosages. They feature a delayed-release element, so the medication enters the body at different times, providing consistent coverage for up to 8 hours. They also may have a lower risk for misuse and diversion than stimulants that short-act. Treatments that help people suffering from ADHD improve their concentration, attention, and impulsivity usually fall into one of two drug classes such as amphetamines or methylphenidates. The medication alters the levels of dopamine that are present in the brain. The full effects of these medications can take up to a week. Your doctor may start you on a low dose and gradually increase it. The type of stimulant your child consumes depends on a range of factors, including age, weight and whether or your child is allergic to the medication or other substances. Inform your doctor if your child is taking any other medications, whether OTC or prescription or vitamins, as well as supplements. Certain medications may have harmful effects when mixed with other substances which is why your doctor needs to be aware of everything you and your child are taking. These medications can cause negative effects, like sleepiness, loss of appetite and headaches. These side effects typically disappear after a couple of weeks or months, however If you're still experiencing them, then consult your doctor. In some cases you may be able to lessen the effects by taking the medication with food or changing the dose. Short-acting stimulants If you or your child has ADHD there's a high chance that medication will help. According to studies, between 70% and 80% of adults with ADHD and children who are taking ADHD medications see improvements. These medications help with symptoms such as hyperactivity, fidgeting and interruptions, as well as problems staying focused or working on tasks. People with ADHD typically have less trouble at school and home and have better relationships with their families. The effects of stimulants alter the levels of norepinephrine as well as dopamine in your brain. Most doctors recommend stimulants as the first treatment for ADHD in children and adults. Methylphenidate (brand name Ritalin) and dextroamphetamine (brand name Adderall) are two of the most frequently prescribed stimulants. managing adhd without medication can also prescribe extended-release versions of these drugs which last between six and 16 hours. You can take them once in the morning, or at different times during the day to prevent peaks and troughs in your blood levels. You or your child might need to try different dosages and medications before settling on the right one that is effective. Some side effects include stomachaches, headaches, and changes in blood pressure or heart rate. These effects are usually experienced when an atypical medication is introduced or the dosage is raised. They usually go away with time as the body adjusts to the medication. Although all medications can cause negative side effects, the majority of people don't experience them very often or at all. Speak to your doctor right away when you or your child experiences a bad reaction. In some cases the person suffering from ADHD is not required to take stimulant medication. This is particularly true if they have very competent coping skills or are able to arrange their lives in a way that the ADHD medication is only utilized in certain situations when they need it. Doctors might also consider non-stimulant ADHD medication for certain people for example, antidepressants like bupropion (Wellbutrin). These don't have FDA approval to treat ADHD but they can be used “off label” to treat this condition. Nonstimulant drugs can cause less sedation and depression than stimulants, but can still have some negative effects like agitation or insomnia.